Hagyomány, Identitás, Történelem III. 1 (2026)

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    „Siendo Brabante y Flandes deste bãdo, Que tienen de Caluino la heregia“. Die Rezeption des Bilderstreites und der Gräueltaten des Herzogs von Alba in zwei damaligen Berichten
    (Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem Hittudományi Kar Egyháztörténeti Kutatóintézet, 2026) Majorossy Imre; Magyarságkutató Intézet
    This essay deals with the beginning of the Dutch struggle for freedom. Following the Iconoclastic Fury, Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, the Duke of Alba, was sent to resolve the conflict, restore Spanish rule, and punish the rebels. Subsequently, under the influence of the Enlightenment, these events have mostly been viewed from the rebels’ perspective. Drawing on two contemporary sources, this essay attempts to present the conservative or Spanish perspective. What motivated the rebels? How were the provocations and reactions perceived by royalist writers?
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    A heidelbergi magyar peregrinusok könyves műveltsége
    (Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem Hittudományi Kar Egyháztörténeti Kutatóintézet, 2026) Oláh Róbert
    In this study, we examine the influence of the University of Heidelberg on the culture of the Carpathian Basin by analysing the booklists of seven Hungarian Reformed peregrine students, totalling around 800 items. The surviving booklists analysed are those of István Miskolci Csulyak (deacon of Zemplén), János Albensis Nagy (pastor of Marosvásárhely), István Geleji Katona the Elder (bishop of Transylvania), Benedek Károlyi Sánta (pastor of Szatmár), Máté Csanaki (court physician to Rákóczi György II and rector of Kolozsvár), Péter Alvinci (pastor of Kassa) and György Csulai (bishop of Transylvania). Finally, we review the areas that stood out during the analysis, highlighting those that testify to the influence of Heidelberg University and its book market.
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    Holland egyetemi bíróságok ítéletei magyar diákok ügyeiben
    (Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem Hittudományi Kar Egyháztörténeti Kutatóintézet, 2026) Bozzay Réka; Debreceni Egyetem
    This study examines the functioning of early modern Dutch university courts and their rulings in cases involving Hungarian students. These courts were founded on medieval academic privileges, which granted universities legal jurisdiction over students and academic citizens. Hungarian students mainly appeared before university courts in civil cases, particularly disputes over unpaid rent and financial obligations, but criminal and moral cases also occurred. The largest number of cases emerged in Franeker, which had the highest number of Hungarian students enrolled. University courts generally aimed to preserve academic order while handling cases carefully and impartially. Severe offences occasionally resulted in expulsion or exile, but most cases resulted in fines or negotiated settlements. Overall, Hungarian students were involved in relatively few legal disputes over the course of two centuries, which suggests that they were effectively integrated into academic life.
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    Hagyomány, Identitás, Történelem III.1 (2026)
    (Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem Hittudományi Kar Egyháztörténeti Kutatóintézet, 2026) Földváryné Kiss Réka; KRE - Hittudományi Kar
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    Sztárai Mihály a világi felsőbbségről
    (Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem Hittudományi Kar Egyháztörténeti Kutatóintézet, 2026) Marco de Leeuw van Weenen; Protestáns Politikatörténeti Kutatócsoport; Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem
    Mihály Sztárai, a Hungarian reformer, is best known for establishing 120 Protestant churches in southern Hungary, which was under Ottoman rule at the time. He also wrote two dramas and historical poems based on biblical, church and secular stories. His earliest surviving work is an account of a Hungarian nobleman’s son escaping from Ottoman captivity. By closely examining Sztárai’s works, we can discern his views on worldly authority. While the influence of Erasmus can be seen in his first work, his point of view is predominantly shaped by the Bible and Reformed teaching. Sztárai viewed the church and worldly authority as two parallel entities, each with their own area of influence. Ideally, the king should love the Bible, support the Church, and promote education and science. When Christians unanimously elect a God-fearing he is a tyrant, they can turn to God in prayer. God can even change the mind of a pagan emperor or cause the enemy to be defeated in battle. Overall, this was the general opinion on worldly authority during the Reformation.